![]() If you have a problem and can’t get a response from this number, contact your health care provider or a local emergency room for advice. Your user manual should include a toll-free number in case you have questions or problems. You can get information about your meter and test strips from several different sources. You will need the manual to interpret these error codes and fix the problem. Many meters use “error codes” when there is a problem with the meter, the test strip, or the blood sample on the strip. Keep this manual to help you solve any problems that may arise. Meter instructions are found in the user manual. You should carefully read the instructions for both the meter and its test strips. Follow the instructions for inserting the test strip and using the SMBG meter. ![]() Hold the hand down and hold the finger until a small drop of blood appears to catch the blood with the test strip.Prick the fingertip (or alternative site if your meter allows that) with a lancet.Wash hands with soap and warm water and dry completely or clean the area with alcohol and dry completely.The following are the general instructions for using a glucose meter: This training is better if it is part of an overall diabetes education program. The educator should watch you test your glucose to make sure you can use your meter correctly. Since you need to know how to use your glucose meter and interpret its results, you should get training from a diabetes educator. ![]() Not all glucose meters work the same way. Please discuss your testing frequency with your personal provider or access the American Diabetes Association website at Learning to Use Your Glucose Meter You should test more often when you change medications when you have unusual stress or illness, or in other unusual circumstances. Often, self-monitoring plans direct you to test your blood sugar before meals, 2 hours after meals, at bedtime, and anytime you experience signs or symptoms. ![]() The role of SMBG has not been defined for people with stable type 2 diabetes treated only with diet. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is recommended for many people with diabetes, but especially for those who take insulin. How often you use your glucose meter should be based on the recommendation of your health care provider. Some patients may need to test (monitor) more often than others do. Some meters have a large display screen or spoken instructions for people with visual impairments.ĭiabetes care should be designed for each individual patient. Some new models have automatic timing, error codes, and signals, or barcode readers to help with calibration. Some meters allow you to get blood from places other than your fingertip (Alternative Site Testing). Newer meters often have features that make them easier to use than older models. Cost of the test strips used (Insurance companies will often cover the cost of testing strips for certain meters….contact your insurance for the best coverage.).Ability to store test results in memory.Alternate testing sites (for example, using the forearm instead of a finger).Choosing a Glucose MeterĪt least 25 different meters are commercially available. Some models can connect to personal computers to store test results or print them out. Several new models can record and store a number of test results. The meter displays the glucose level as a number. Others measure how much light reflects from it. Some measure the amount of electricity that can pass through the sample. The meter measures how much glucose is present. The test strips are coated with chemicals that combine with glucose in the blood. To test for glucose with a typical glucose meter, place a small sample of blood on a disposable “test strip” and place the strip in the meter. The process of monitoring one’s own blood glucose with a glucose meter is often referred to as self-monitoring of blood glucose or “SMBG.” We are going to discuss the glucose meter (glucometer) and how it can help you control your diabetes. Other blood and urine tests reveal trends in diabetes management and help identify diabetes complications. Glucose meters help people with diabetes check their blood sugar at home, school, work, and play. One of these tools is a home glucose meter. People with diabetes can use a number of tools to help them better manage their diabetes. When people with diabetes can control their blood sugar (glucose), they are more likely to stay healthy.
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has provided insight as to the challenges workers face in securing mechanistically, a Diels-Alderase in Nature. Kelly provided a more detailed overview of potential Diels-Alderases in 2008, and Liu et al. Oikawa has since contributed in highlighting developments in this area by publishing a review in 2005. Our laboratory previously published a review of biosynthetic Diels-Alder constructions in 2003 covering primarily secondary metabolites that had been suggested by researchers to arise by potential biosynthetic Diels-Alder reactions, both enzyme-catalyzed and non-enzyme-catalyzed. An area of particular controversy concerns the fundamental question regarding the existence of biosynthetic enzymes that have evolved to catalyze this tremendously important synthetic construction. A vast array of publications concerning the synthetic utility, mechanism, catalysis and theoretical bases of the Diels-Alder reaction are evident in the literature. Substituents on the diene or dienophile change the energy of the FMOs and polarise their attached π bond, introducing a rate-increasing hard-hard (Coulombic) factor into the reaction and enhancing the regioselectivity (Figure 2.7).įigure 2.3 FMO interaction diagram for 1,3-butadiene and ethene.Among the family of concerted pericyclic reactions governed and understood by the theoretical underpinnings of the conservation of orbital symmetry rules advanced by Woodward and Hoffmann, the cycloaddition reaction, namely the Diels-Alder reaction, is among the most useful and widely studied reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. The interaction increases if the ψ 2– ψ* gap is made smaller, usually by using a dienophile with an electron attractor group Y. For 1,3-butadiene reacting with ethene (Figure 2.3), the HOMO-LUMO interactions are relatively weak since the interacting orbitals are not close in energy (Δ E is small). The soft-soft interaction of filled with empty orbitals is the major attractive force in the Diels-Alder transition structure, which is stabilised through two HOMO-LUMO interactions: The filled ψ 2 of the diene interacts with the unfilled ψ* of the dienophile, while the empty ψ 3 of the diene interacts with the filled π of the dienophile. Kurt Alder (1902–1958)Ĥ Matching the reacting components: Effects of donor, acceptor and conjugating substituents Figure 2.1 depicts the cycloaddition using both line structures and orbitals note that the symmetry of the interacting orbitals permits synchronous bond formation while the p orbitals of the pi bonds become the sigma bonds of the product. The six-membered transition structure for the process resembles a folded cyclohexane (boat conformation). The net reaction involves the loss of two pi bonds and the gain of two sigma bonds, which makes it about 167 kJ/mol (40 kcal/mol) exothermic. ![]() For example, if the dienophile bears two groups with a cis relationship, the two groups will remain cis in the product. The process is very useful because it generates four new sp 3 carbons stereoselectively, the geometry of both starting molecules being conserved within the product (the reaction is stereospecific). The archetypal Diels-Alder reaction is a cycloaddition in which a diene (the 4 π component) combines with a dienophile (the 2 π component) to produce a 6-membered ring. Matching the reacting components: Effects of donor, acceptor and conjugating substituentsġ Thermal concerted cycloaddition.Stereoselectivity: Preference for endo transition structure.Sigmatropic rearrangements Sigmatropic rearrangements.Electrocyclic reactions Electrocyclic reactions. The subsequent processing of the oligosaccharides continues in the Golgi apparatus giving rise to the three main types of N-glycans including oligomannose, hybrid, and complex types based on the composition of oligosaccharides and branching features. The initial attachment of oligosaccharides to the Asn within the consensus NXT sequence (-Asn-X-Ser/Thr-) takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum ( Breitling and Aebi, 2013). ![]() Glycans are mainly attached to the polypeptide chain through amide linkages to asparagine (Asn) or glycosidic linkages to serine/threonine referring to N- and O-glycosylation, respectively. Glycosylation plays crucial biological roles in protein folding and quality control, protein trafficking, and secretion as well as ligand recognition ( Moremen et al., 2012). Protein glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications found in all domains of life. These results highlight the importance of glycans in regulating ITGA2 stability and ligand binding capacity which in turn modulates downstream focal adhesion and promotes cell survival in a collagen environment. Moreover, we provide evidence that ITGA2-specific sialylation is involved in selective cell-ECM binding. Proteomic and enrichment pathway analysis revealed increased cellular apoptosis and collagen organization in non-glycosylated ITGA2 mutant cells. Generated putative ITGA2 N-glycosite mutants halted collagen and laminin binding and cells lacking N-glycosylated ITGA2 were marginally adherent to collagen, likely associated with its enhanced proteasome degradation through poly-ubiquitination. In-depth glycoproteomics identified predominant N- and O-glycosylation sites harboring substantially divergent ITGA2 glycosylation profiles. We provide evidence that ITGA2 is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein expressed in ovarian cancer tissue and cell lines. This in-situ Fe(III) minerals incubation approach shows that biogenic minerals are more prone to be colonized by (Fe(III)-reducing) microorganisms and bind more As, although ultimately produce similar minerals during Fe(III) reduction.Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) promotes cancer metastasis through selective adhesion to ECM proteins however, the specific contribution of integrin glycosylation remains uncertain. Most of abiogenic and biogenic Fe(III) minerals were transformed into magnetite while biogenic more crystalline mixed phases were not subjected to visible transformation. We observed that biogenic Fe(III) minerals generally tend to become more reduced and when incubated in the As-contaminated aquifer sorbed more As than the abiogenic ones. Additionally, fermenting microorganisms were abundant on minerals incubated in the As-contaminated aquifer, while methanotrophs were identified on the minerals incubated in the As-free moderately reducing aquifer, implying involvement of these microorganisms in Fe(III) reduction. We found that higher numbers of bacteria and archaea were associated with the minerals incubated in the As-contaminated compared to the non-contaminated aquifer and that all Fe(III) minerals were mainly colonized by Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, with Geobacter being the most abundant taxon. ![]() We, therefore, performed an in-situ aquifer Fe(III) minerals exposure experiment i) to evaluate how different biogenic and abiogenic Fe(III) minerals are transformed in a strongly reducing, As-contaminated aquifer (25 m) compared to As-free moderately reducing aquifer (32 m) and ii) to assess which microbial taxa are involved in these Fe(III) minerals transformations. In some environments they dominate the iron mineral inventory but so far, it is unclear what this means for the As mobility. Yet, biogenic minerals that possess different properties to their abiogenic counterparts are also present in the environment. So far, in most studies mainly abiogenic iron minerals have been considered. Microbial reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe(III) minerals is responsible for the release of As and the resulting groundwater contamination in many sites worldwide. ![]() Fe(III) minerals play a crucial role for arsenic (As) mobility in aquifers as they usually represent the main As-bearing phases. ![]() And some like to take their roleplaying to a more adult level known as ERP. Some like to have RP relationships and even get married in-game. Online roleplaying games attract a diverse range of gamers and RPers. As he did so, the whole of the abyss imploded, destroying everything and everyone on it*Īlso, don’t pretend to be a vampire (or some other mythical being) when your character is actually an elf, and there are no vampire playable characters in-game. Then mumbling something under his breath, he held out his arms. *Kragrok was furious with Aliyah and threw his half empty tankard across the room. Ugh levelling, or abilities your character couldn’t possible possess. They’re not your characters to play.īe Realistic - Remember when roleplaying that you should never roleplay abilities your character hasn’t earned yet thro Roleplaying a few minor actions that is a part of their role in the game is ok, like the barmaid fetching a drink, but you shouldn’t have NPCs performing ridiculous or over the top actions. The barmaid fetched the drink and took the correct amount of coin, without saying a word*īut the NPC barmaid shouldn’t jump up on the bar and start killing everyone in the room. *Having approached the bar, Aliyah ordered a mulled wine, slapping her coin purse on the counter. What is a definite no-no in roleplaying is to RP someone else’s thoughts or actions, because you can’t possibly know what they are thinking orĭon’t RP for NPCs - Don’t RP the actions of NPCs (non player characters). *As Kragrok leaned closer, the stench of the ale on his breath caused Aliyah to screw up her nose in disgust* Excuse me, *she said as she walked towards the bar and away from the drunken dwarf* This gives Aliyah the chance to kiss Kragrok back or to rebuff him. He leaned in towards Aliyah, pursing his lips for a kiss* *The ale having gone to his head, Kragrok decided to make his move. For example, if your character decided he wanted to kiss someone, he should say something like: In other words, you mustn’t RP someone else’s character. Rules of Roleplaying: What You Shouldn’t Doĭon’t RP for Someone Else - Roleplaying is interactive and gamers must allow other gamers to respond by themselves. Most MMORPGs have a long list of emotes that might include, sitting, laughing, crying, burping, shouting, slapping someone, preparing for battle, becoming angry etc.īe Respectful - Treat your guild leaders with the respect their rank has earned them, and if you decide to RP your character as unfriendly and hateful, be sure not to upset or offend anyone OOC. ![]() That’s not to say you can’t be creative with your character’s speech, but no abbreviations or LOL, WTF? Type how your character is speaking.Įmotes - Use the in-game emotes to make some actions come to life. Use Correct Grammar/Spelling – Make sure you use correct grammar and spelling while roleplaying. Third Person RP - Always RP in the third person *Kragrok jumped up and down*, not *I jumped up and down*. Having said that, bear in mind if your guild chat is 100% IC, either send a ‘tell’ to let a person know you will be afk (away from keyboard), or say it IC. OOC - Out of character conversations (OOC) are usually enclosed inside double brackets, ((quick afk)). Quotations are not usually used for speech as whatever the RPer types is speech unless surrounded by the asterisks. This is done by placing an asterisk at the beginning and end of the action. Use Asterisks to Show Actions - When roleplaying, you need to separate your character’s speech from their actions. Having a name like ‘Superdwarf’ or ‘Ikillnoobs’ is not going to get you many invites into roleplaying guilds or RP conversations. ![]() If your character is elven, choose an elven name and likewise if it is a dwarf, choose a dwarven name. Use an RP Name - When creating your character, it is important to give him or her an RP name. ![]() So you’ve decided you are going to try roleplaying and have picked your class and race. Granted, this is a much shorter novel than my usual. I actually finished on March 14, and mentioned it on Twitter, but I wanted to talk a little bit about what was different this time.įirst, the draft took me just over two months from start to finish, which is remarkably fast for me. Hey, amid these crazy days, I forgot to mention here that I finished a rough first draft of the new novel. Posted in Audio Books, Recommended Reading | Comments Off on Recommended Audiobook: I suspect it will make an interesting pairing with River of Darkness. It’s set in the same era, in South America, and I look forward to returning to it as soon as time permits. Though I found the opening chapter or two to be a bit slow, once the introductory material was past, the story was riveting.īy chance, just before I started listening to River of Darkness I read the opening chapters of a novel called What the Wind Brings, by Matthew Hughes. It also follows the misadventures and eventual rebellion of Gonzalo Pizarro, the original captain of the mission, and it dips into both Spanish and colonial politics. The story that Buddy Levy tells in River of Darkness goes well beyond a description of the river journey. But in the time of Orellana’s voyage, the civilizations of the Amazon were still strong and intact. The pandemic we’re experiencing now, for all its ravages and the speed of its transmission, is nothing compared to the apocalypse that struck the new world in those days of early contact. Mann’s 1491 and knowing that those civilizations described in the notes kept by Friar Gaspar de Carvajal would soon be gone. This one was made more poignant by having read Charles C. As I’ve mentioned before, I love adventure stories and tales of exploration. River of Darkness is exactly what the subtitle says: it’s a detailed history of conquistador Francisco Orellana’s voyage from the headwaters of the Amazon river, to the sea, and from there to a Spanish colony. And they’ve led me to some fantastic listens I wouldn’t have discovered on my own - like this one. ![]() Audible has these sales every now and then, and even though I’ve accumulated a lot of credits and don’t really need the extra books, I find the sales irresistible. I think I picked up this audiobook as part of a 2-for-1 credit sale at Audible. River of Darkness: Francisco Orellana’s Legendary Voyage of Death and Discovery Down the Amazon by Buddy Levy I have to say I found its initial upload speed to be painfully slow. It certainly provides the most bang for the buck (in most scenarios), and it’s easy to use. ![]() IDrive is consistently ranked as the best cloud backup service. We’ve provided pricing basics, but you should check the features and long-term pricing for any backup service you’re considering. Some prices quoted don’t include features or services that are available for additional fees. Online backup service pricing varies greatly, with multiple options for terms, number of users, and devices covered. The online backup services detailed in this article:Ī note on the pricing information in this article. That’s what this guide is intended to do…help you make an informed decision. Then you can choose the one that best meets your needs. The best way to decide which is best for you is to see what each service can do. Meaning any time you change and save a file, the change is uploaded to the backup service.Īs you can see, while the services are similar, there are a lot of different moving parts. But some go even further and back up continuously. They all do scheduled backups – daily, weekly, monthly, etc. Some services allow system file backups and will back up files on external or network drives. With others, like IDrive or Acronis True Image, you manually select which files or directories will be backed up. You don’t have to go through a lengthy or complicated configuration (though that option is available). Some, like Backblaze, will automatically upload every important file. But they vary in how they perform and manage your backups. I mentioned that the services do essentially the same thing, and that’s true. If you’re lucky, you’ll never have to think about (or need) your computer backups.īut if you ever do need them, you’ll be really glad that you have them. From the technical tinkerers to those who prefer to set-it-and-forget-it. There are also considerations around storage, another area where we may not all have the same needs.īut, there is something on the list for each of us. So what may be best for a large family might not be best for a young solo entrepreneur. While each of the online backup services here does essentially the same thing, their options and pricing differ. ![]() It isn’t meant to be used for file-syncing or sharing (though many backup services offer those features). Online backup is intended to automatically protect documents and media files. Online backup services are not the same as cloud storage or file-syncing services like Dropbox, OneDrive, or Google Drive. In the event of a system or hard drive failure, in many cases, a physical hard drive containing all of your backed up files can be sent to you. If a file is inadvertently deleted or corrupted, a copy can be downloaded from the backup. What Are Online Backup Services?Īn online backup service copies files from your computer or mobile device to a cloud storage location. When your files are safely stored in a remote location, a hard drive failure doesn’t have to be a disaster. But online backup services have made computer and mobile device backup painless and convenient. Only 9% of us back up our computers daily. If you’re reading this, you have at least one computer that needs to be backed up regularly. 7658 2016 this number contains the year 2016. Here’s some examples -Ġ8242001 this could be a birthdate of August 24, 2001. Keep an eye out for bills that contain a full date or even just a year. Many collectors will look out for specific dates that mean something to them, or famous dates that had historical significance. This one’s pretty simple to remember, and generally the lower numbers will fetch a higher price (like the number given in our example). Ladder serial numbers are numbers that are ascending or descending, like 12345678, or 87654321. But consecutive serial numbers are numbers that come right before or after each other, with the first 6 numbers being the same, such as 538476 89, 538476 90, 538476 91. Consecutives Serial NumbersĬonsecutives are a bit more complex, as they’re usually only valuable if they also contain one of the other types of serial numbers listed here. Double Quads Serial Numbersĭouble quads are very similar to doubles, and quad doubles, but they have four each of two different numbers, like this - 88883333. The most valuable type of double is the double that contains four pairs of different numbers like this one here - 66447733 this is called a quad double. There are other types of doubles, such as a serial number that contains two or three sets of pairs - 1 22 35 88 9, 22 86 7799. Doubles Serial Numbersĭoubles are a serial number that contains pairs of numbers, like 1 22 35851. Bookends Serial Numbersīookends are a type of serial number that actually has the same two numbers at the beginning of the serial number and at the end, such as this number here - 28 3333 28 2. Just remember if no one wants it, it’s not valuable (In the world of selling). So while you may find something valuable, another person may not. Of course, as with anything in this world, it is only worth as much as someone is willing to pay for it. These are the 15 different types of serial numbers you can find on bills that are generally worth more than face value. Types of Valuable Serial Numbers Found on Paper Money If you're looking for a serial number lookup, check out this "Fancy Serial Number Checker" here! There are a few types of numbers that you’ll want to look out for, read on to find out what dollar bills are worth collecting. With dollar bill serial numbers, the cooler and more unique, the better. ![]() Say you find a dollar bill that has the serial number 12345678, that’s going to be worth a lot more than a bill that has a “plain” or “boring” number. Bills are a bit different than coins, while there are specific bills that are worth more than face value, mainly it’s interesting numbers that will fetch you a higher price in the paper money collecting world. We’ve made a list for you of the different types of serial numbers on bills found in circulation that are worth looking out for. So maybe you’ve been collecting coins, and now you’re interested in checking out bills, or maybe you’re new to both coin collecting and bill collecting. ![]() Their idea was rejected, and Jeffrey instead asked Obsidian to create a follow-up to the BioWare-developed Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic, as the team at Obsidian was familiar with the technology that the original game used. The team suggested a game concept which featured first-person lightsaber melee combat and that included established characters like R2-D2. Towards the end of 2003, the team was contacted by LucasArts president Simon Jeffrey, who requested that Obsidian make an action role-playing game set in the Star Wars universe. Late 2003–2008: Sequels to BioWare games Similar to the EA and Ubisoft projects, Futureblight was never made. Obsidian pitched a game to Take-Two Interactive called Futureblight, which was described as a Fallout-style game powered by the Neverwinter Nights engine. The studio also contacted Ubisoft looking to make a Might & Magic game, but Ubisoft instead ended up contracting with Arkane Studios on that project, which became Dark Messiah of Might & Magic. They approached Electronic Arts, but it did not result in a project. Upon its establishment, the studio needed more capital in order to keep its operation running, and thus needed to gain support from publishers. The team eventually chose "Obsidian Entertainment", which they thought was strong, memorable, and felt similar to name of their old studio, Black Isle. The list included "Scorched Earth" and "Three Clown Software". When choosing the name of the company, they had prepared a short list of names for them to choose. Parker, Urquhart, and Monahan invested $100,000 to $125,000 into their newly founded company. Īt the time of the company's establishment there were seven employees, including the company's five founders. Urquhart officially left Interplay in 2003 with Avellone, Parker, Monahan, and Jones, and founded Obsidian Entertainment with them the same year. He was in his early thirties at the time, and thought that if he did not start a new company soon, he may become too old to do so. Urquhart became convinced that staying at Black Isle was no longer a "viable option" for the team, and decided to leave the company. Urquhart and most of the staff members were dissatisfied and frustrated with the cancellation, as the game had already been under development for a year and a half. This led to the cancellation of Baldur's Gate III: The Black Hound. Most of these games were critically and commercially successful, but Interplay's financial situation was poor and the studio lost its license to produce Dungeons & Dragons-based games. At Black Isle they created several role-playing games including Icewind Dale, Planescape: Torment, and Fallout 2, and collaborated with BioWare on Neverwinter Nights, Baldur's Gate, and Baldur's Gate II. Prior to the establishment of Obsidian, they worked for Interplay Entertainment's subsidiary Black Isle Studios. Obsidian Entertainment was founded by Feargus Urquhart, Chris Avellone, Chris Parker, Darren Monahan and Chris Jones on June 12, 2003. Their latest release is the adventure survival game Grounded.Ĭhris Avellone (top) and Feargus Urquhart (bottom), two of the five founders of Obsidian 2003: Founding In November 2018, it was announced that the studio had been acquired by Microsoft and become part of Microsoft Studios (now known as Xbox Game Studios). The team's focus then changed from developing licensed titles to creating original games based on the studio's own intellectual property, including a sequel to Pillars of Eternity. As a result, Obsidian decided to crowdfund their next game, Pillars of Eternity, a role-playing game played from an isometric perspective, which ultimately became a success and saved the studio from closure. Due to having so many projects cancelled, the company entered a severe financial crisis in 2012. Throughout the studio's history, many projects-including Futureblight, Dwarfs, Aliens: Crucible, and Stormlands-were cancelled. Other notable works from Obsidian include Fallout: New Vegas, Dungeon Siege III, and South Park: The Stick of Truth, all of which are also licensed properties. The team then developed their first original game, Alpha Protocol, in 2010. Early projects included Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II: The Sith Lords and Neverwinter Nights 2, both sequels to BioWare-developed games. ![]() It was founded in June 2003, shortly before the closure of Black Isle Studios, by ex-Black Isle employees Feargus Urquhart, Chris Avellone, Chris Parker, Darren Monahan, and Chris Jones.Īlthough they have created original intellectual property, many of their games are sequels based on licensed properties. is an American video game developer based in Irvine, California. ![]() This allows them to live fulfilling lives without being connected to other people. They have whole galaxies inside their heads and are quite happy living in their own quiet universes. Lone wolves are often highly imaginative thinkers who pursue creative endeavors. You are an abstract thinker who constantly explores the realm of ideas, theories, and fantasies. You are highly imaginativeĪs an introverted loner, you tend to be highly focused on your inner world most of the time. If someone turns out to be fake or a bad influence, you don’t hesitate to cut this individual out of your life. Thus, you will build relationships and friendships only with authentic, deep, and loyal people you resonate with. ![]() You see no point in having shallow relationships based more on social obligation than on genuine interest. Being one means that your social circle is very small and consists of just a couple of people you trust and have a deep connection with. Your keep your social circle small and of high qualityĪ loner will never waste their time on the wrong people. The only people a loner will spend time on are like-minded individuals with similar interests and values in life. ![]() So it makes no sense to try to look or behave like someone you are not. This is because you strongly believe that if someone is meant to be in your life, they should like the real you. You will never adopt behaviors or hobbies for the sake of gaining popularity and validation. Thus, you will never try to win friends, fish for compliments, or attract everyone’s attention in any other way. You are perfectly fine on your own, not belonging anywhere but to yourself and your small family circle. A sure trait of a lone wolf personality is that you don’t care about fitting in or being a part of a group. Since a lone wolf relies on internal rewards, it makes sense why they have no interest in trying to earn everyone’s acceptance. You are very independent and don’t care about earning people’s approval If you have accomplished something, all you want is to feel good about your work and see the positive impact it has on the world. External rewards, such as praise, grades, or money, don’t interest you. Your own satisfaction from performing a task or achieving a goal is the only thing that matters. You rely only on intrinsic motivation, which means that you are not interested in what most people in our society pursue. This is another powerful trait of a lone wolf personality. Being guarded means not expecting too much from others and not letting your happiness depend on them. This trait can be beneficial because after all, the only person you will spend your life with for sure is yourself. While it’s not always a good thing as there are still plenty of beautiful souls in the world, having a guarded personality allows you to stay safe from betrayal and disappointment. You will think twice before sharing any information about yourself with those around you.Ī lone wolf relies only on themselves and doesn’t trust other people easily. To be exact, you rarely let anyone in your quiet little world. Thus, if you go to a party, you will probably spend the evening sitting on your own, immersed in the world of your thoughts, in a corner somewhere while everyone else is socializing. In fact, you are more likely to feel bored and lonely at a social gathering than in your own company. You rarely enjoy yourself at any type of social event. If you are one, then your degree of self-sufficiency is so high that you basically need no (or very little) socialization in your life. While this is also true for an introvert, a lone wolf goes further than that. You enjoy solitary activities more than group activities. You are self-sufficient and are more likely to get bored with other people than alone There is also a free personality test at the bottom of the article, which will help you decide whether you have the traits of a loner. What are the traits of a lone wolf personality and do you have them? Let’s find out. This personality type is quite rare and comes with a number of powerful qualities. 8 Signs That Indicate You Have Lone Wolf Personality Traits It’s just a very private person who doesn’t easily let others in his or her life and prefers to keep a safe distance from them. It’s basically an extreme introvert who has a rich inner life and a very low need for socialization.Īt the same time, the lone wolf is not antisocial and means no harm to other people. The lone wolf personality, on the contrary, means that you have a very limited interest in building any relationships with other people or earning their acceptance. You just prefer socializing in smaller groups and avoid doing it for extended periods of time. It doesn’t mean that you are asocial and have no interest in interacting with other people. Introversion is about gaining your energy from spending time on your own. ![]() With a 3.5 amp motor and a compact yet portable design, you will find similar results with this sander and many other high-end options. This is probably one of the best oscillating spindle sanders with a budget-friendly price tag. You will find various power tools manufactured by Wen alongside this spindle sander. If you are looking for a budget yet highly rated brand, Wen should be your choice. Best Spindle Sander Spindle Sanderħ Best Spindle Sander Reviews 1. For more information on these sanders, we recommend you read our comprehensive “Buying Guide” for selecting your best option, as per your requirement. So, we are here with a list of some Best Spindle Sanders with its description, best features, pros, and cons. With the availability of several spindle sander options out there, it would be a challenging task to select your best option. Go with a model offering a variable speed feature to easily achieve the perfect edge. The higher the OPM, the quick the sander will perform the sanding task. The oscillating spindle speed is measured in oscillations per minute (OPM). Choose a model with a 3 – 3.5 amps motor to sand on different wood workpieces.Īlike motor power, the spindle speed has a similar effect on the end result of a spindle sander. The power a motor consumes to work properly is displayed in amperes. However, the spindle sander’s motor power is classified into three types – light duty for a small project (with 1/3 HP or less), medium-duty for dense woods or large surfaces (1/3 – 1 HP), and heavy-duty for larger projects (1 HP or more). The motor power of any tool is measured in horsepower (HP). These are available in various sizes and types, in which you have to choose the correct option based on your work requirement like purpose and shape of working material (irregular or curved or rough edges).īefore investing in a spindle sander, we suggest you take a glance at the following key factors to make the right option. It removes splinters, prevents friction from causing burns or saw marks, and thereby eases your sanding work. It spins the drum for a quick sanding and oscillates up and down to alternative the sanding direction for smoother work surfaces, and achieve precision and high performance. ![]() It is an efficient sanding option (where belt sanders won’t work properly) for curved boards and joints, normal sanding, sanding inside holes, and irregular shaped wood that gives a perfect reliable finish/texture. Bench-top and hand-held models take up less room and can be used for small do-it-yourself projects around the house.Best Spindle Sanders that provide perfect edge and finishing to intricate objects and non-uniform workpieces.Ī spindle sander is a handy power tool that has spinning cylindrical sanding drums (spindles) which accomplish smooth edges or curves on your woodworking tasks. Floor models are larger and more expensive and suitable for big commercial projects. Spindle sanders come in a range of sizes, including floor machines that can stand alone, models that sit on a bench top and even portable models that are hand-held. ![]() It also increases the life of the sanding sleeve by spreading the wear across a wider surface area. This helps prevent static friction, which causes burns and band marks on the wood. The oscillating spindle sander, in addition to the steady rotation of the drum, moves the drum up and down during the rotations. The spindle sander, a rotating cylindrical drum, is covered with gritty sandpaper, which enables it to smooth out saw marks, rough curved edges and inside hole cuts. Gone are the days of rubbing away at your handmade banister or chair with a piece of worn sandpaper. The spindle sander is a tool created and designed to help you achieve a smooth, flat finish to wood pieces, mostly those that are detailed or have curved edges. |
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